Publishing Rights

UMRAN accepts manuscripts for publication that have not been previously published and are not under consideration by any other print or electronic publication.

Copyright remains with the author(s); UMRAN (Penerbit UTM Press, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) is the original publisher.

By submitting and publishing in UMRAN, the author(s) grant the journal a non-exclusive, worldwide licence to publish the article and to edit, produce, reproduce, distribute, communicate, and display the work in all formats and media used by the journal (including the journal website, PDF/HTML, indexing services, and digital archiving).

All published articles are made available under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits non-commercial reuse with proper attribution and indication of changes.
License link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Authors may reuse, share, and deposit the published work elsewhere at any time, provided that the original publication in UMRAN (including the DOI where available) is properly acknowledged.