Reaksi Kerajaan Malaysia dan Badan Bukan Kerajaan (NGO) dalam Konflik Palestin-Israel Pasca Operasi Ṭūfān al-Aqsā/ The Reaction of the Malaysian Government and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to the Palestine-Israel Conflict Post-Ṭūfān al-Aqsā Operation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/umran2025.12n2.744Keywords:
Palestine-Israel, Ṭūfān al-Aqsā, HAMAS, reaction, MalaysiaAbstract
The military operation launched by the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) on October 7, 2023, was a response to the provocations and injustices committed by Zionist Israel against the Palestinian population for over 75 years since 1948. Hamas named this operation as "Ṭūfān al- Operation" to signify their struggle to the occupied Al-Aqsa Mosque. The operation has elicited varied responses, both positive and negative. Some d that the ongoing conflict stems from Hamas initiating the attack, while others d this claim, stating that the crisis did not emerge on October 7, 2023. Malaysia, through its government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), has also expressed its on the issue. Using case study and thematic analysis, this study examines the official government responses, including diplomatic statements and political actions. It also the reaction from civil society, non-governmental organizations, and individuals regarding Ṭūfān al- Operation. Thus, this research provides a holistic overview on Malaysia's stance on the Palestine-Israel issue. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of Malaysia's stance and role in addressing regional s especially those related to Palestine-Israel.
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