Unsur-Unsur Ketamadunan Baghdad (Elements of Civilization of Baghdad)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/umran2023.10n3.633Keywords:
Abbasid, Baghdad, civilization, Islamic golden ageAbstract
Baghdad was once an important city and pride for Muslims. It was also a symbol of prosperity and human advancement. This achievement happened in the period of what scholars call the golden age of Islam. Through content, historical and conceptual analyses of data collected via library research, this qualitative study attempts to identify and describe the essential elements in Baghdad during that period that triggered its achievement. Such elements identified are the strength of religiosity, the utilization of diverse cultures and traditions, military strength, infrastructure development, economic growth, human capital management, and the advancement of knowledge. This discussion sheds significant light on human civilization’s current and future development.
References
Al-Quran al-Karim.
Al-Quran dan terjemahannya. (1998). Madinah: Mujamma’ al-Malik Fahd li al-Tiba’at al-Mushaf al-Sharif.
‘Abd al-Halim Mahmud. (1964). Tarikh al-Tafkir al-Falsafi fi al-Islam. Kaherah: al-Anjalu al-Misriyyah.
al-Baladhuri, Ahmad bin Yahya bin Jabir. (1916). Kitab al-Futuh al-Buldan: the Origins of the Islamic State. Terj. Philip Khuri Hitti. 1-2. New York: Columbia University.
al-Baladhuri, Ahmad bin Yahya bin Jabir. (1996). Kitab al-Jumal min Ansab al-Ashraf. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
al-Jahiz. (1998). Al-Bayan wa al-Tabyin. Ed. Ke-7. Kaherah: Maktabah al-Khanji
al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr Ahmad bin ‘Ali bin Thabit. (2001). Tarikh Madinat al-Salam wa Akhbar Muhaddithiha wa Dhikr Quttaniha al-‘Ulama min ghayr Ahliha wa Waridiha (Tarikh Baghdad). Sunt. Bashar ‘Awar Ma’ruf. Jil. 1-12. Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami.
al-Tabari, Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Jarir. (1968-1976). Tarikh al-Tabari/Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk. Sunt. Muhhamad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim. 2, 1-11. Kaherah: Dar al-Ma’arif bi Misr & Beirut: Dar Suwaydan.
al-Ya’qubi, Ahmad ibn Abi Ya’qub. (1861). Kitab al-Buldan. Sunt. T.G.J. Juynboll. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Arshad Khan. (2003). Islam, Muslims, and America: Understanding the Basis of Their Conflict. New York: Algora Publishing.
Creswell, K. A. C. (1958). A Short Account of Early Muslim Architecture. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
De Boer, Tjitze J. (1903). The History of Philosophy in Islam. Terj. Edward R. Jones. London: Luza & Co.
George, Linda S. (1998). The Golden Age of Islam. Salt Lake City: Benchmark Books.
Gregorian, Vartan. (2003). Islam: A Mosaic, Not a Monolith. Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
Hitti, Philip K. (1970). History of the Arabs: From the Earliest Times to the Present. 10. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Ibn ‘Asakir, Abu al-Qasim ‘Ali bin al-Hasan al-Shafi’i. (1995). Tarikh Madinah Dimashq. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
Ibn Abi Usaibi’ah, Ahmad bin Qasim al-Khazraji. (1995). ‘Uyun al-Anba fi Tabaqat al-Atibba. Sunt. August Müller. Frankfurt: Ma’had Tarikh al-‘Ulum al-‘Arabiyyah wa al-Islamiyyah, Universiti Goethe Frankfurt.
Ibn al-Nadim, Muhammad bin Ishaq. (2009). Kitab al-Fihrist. London: al-Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation.
Ibn Khayyat, Abu ‘Amr Khalifah al-Laythi al-‘Usfuri. (1985). Tarikh Khalifah bin Khayyat. Riyadh: Dar Tayyibah.
Ibn Qutaybah, Abu Muhammad ‘Abd Allah bin Muslim. (1904). Kitab al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah. Kaherah: Matba’ah al-Nil.
Ibn Sa’d, Muhammad bin Sa’d bin Mani’ al-Zuhri. (2001). Al-Tabaqat al-Kabir. Sunt. ‘Ali Muhammad ‘Umar. Kaherah: Al-Sharikat al-Duwaliyyah li al-Tiba’ah.
Ikhwan al-Safa. (1869). Ikhwanu-s Safa or Brothers of Purity. Terj. John Dowson. London: Trubner & Co.
Le Strange, Guy. (1900). Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate from Contemporary Arabic and Persian Sources. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Moscati, Sabatino. (2007). Abu Muslim Dlm. Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas & Everett Rowson. The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1, 141. Edisi baharu. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Negoita, Ana Maria. (2011). The City of Mansur the Builder: Baghdad between the Caliph’s Will and Shari’ah Norms. International Relations 8(2), 111-126.
Porter, Josias Leslie. (1868). A Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine. Ed. baharu. London: John Murray.
Saliba, George. (1994). A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories during the Golden Age of Islam. New York: New York University Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Penerbit UTM Press
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright of articles that appear in UMRAN - International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions or any other reproductions of similar a nature.
