Interaksi Dan Pertukaran Intelek Saintis Agronomi Dan Doktor Perubatan Di Al-Andalus (Interactions and Intellectual Exchanges of Agronomists and Physicians in al-Andalus)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/umran2019.6n3.356Keywords:
Interactions, intellectual exchanges, ideas, creativity, collaboration, Cordoba, al-Andalus, science and technology.Abstract
The zenith of Islamic civilization in al-Andalus is often studied and discussed from the historical point of view, its’ intellectual contributions and scientific achievements of the civilization. Yet there are still many new aspects that to be explored on how intellectual advancement were achieved as well as the key processes involved in shaping great achievements of Islamic Spain. Hence, this paper aims to make a preliminary study on interactions and intellectual exchanges of agronomists and physicians in advancing sciences of agronomy and medicine. This study is a qualitative - historical methodology research, applying library survey methods, document analysis and field research. The study found that interactions and intellectual exchanges were flourishing through discussions, laboratory and field research, scientific group collaborations, diplomatic co-operation, meetings, presentations, lectures, seminars, mentor-mentee programs and writings in Cordoba and al-Andalus's main cities such as Seville, Toledo and Granada. Active and vibrant intellectual network and interactions among al-Andalus scholars in various scientific activities played important roles and brought significant impact towards advancement of science during glorious era of al-Andalus.
References
A. Daliman. (2012). Metode penelitian sejarah. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Ombak.
Ahmed Chahlan. (2004). Exchanges in Daily Life: Cultural Symbiosis In Al-Andalus. Dalam: Sanaa Osseiran (ed). Cultural symbiosis in al-Andalus. Beirut: UNESCO.
Ahmed Djebbar. (2004). Scientific Activities And Inter-Cultural Relations in al-Andalus. Dalam: Sanaa Osseiran (ed). Cultural Symbiosis in al-Andalus. Beirut: UNESCO.
Aidiladha Sulaiman. (2019). Peranan Persekitaran Kreatif Dalam Kemajuan Sains di al-Andalus. (Tesis, PHD). Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia.
Al-Hassan, Ahmad dan Hill, Donald. (1986). Islamic technology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
An Introductory Survey of the Arabic Books of Filāḥa and Farming Almanacs. (2013). Diakses pada 27 Ogos 2014, daripada http://www.filaha.org/introduction.html
Anwar G. Chejne. (1974). Muslim Spain, its history and culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Banks, M., Lovatt, J., O’Connor, J., Raffo, C. (2000). Risk and Trust In The Cultural Industries. Geoforum, 31, 453-464.
Batten, David F. (1995). Network Cities: Creative Urban Agglomerations for the 21st century. Urban Studies, 32(2), 313-327. Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology.
Butzer, K. (1994). The Islamic Traditions Of Agroecology: Crosscultural Experience, Ideas And Innovations. Ecumene, 1(1), 7-50. Diakses pada 3 Mac 2019, daripada http://www.jstor.org/stable/44251681
Coppee, Henry. (1892). History of the Conquest of Spain by the Arab-Moors: With a sketch of the civilization which they achieved and imparted to Europe. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
Dogan M. & Pahre R. (1990). Creative Marginality: Innovations At The Intersections Of Social Sciences. Oxford: Westview Press.
Dozy, Reinhart. (1913). Spanish Islam: A History of Moslems in Spain. Transl. London: Stokes Chatto & Windus.
Draper, John William. (1864). A History of the Intellectual Development of Europe. New York: Harper Brothers Publishers.
Dzulkifli A. Razak. (24 September, 2006). Al-Andalus, a shining example. The New Sunday Times Edition. New Straits Times, 34.
Florida, R. L. (2002). The Rise Of The Creative Class: And How It's Transforming Work, Leisure, Community And Everyday Life. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Fuat Sezgin. (2010). Science and Technology in Islam. Frankfurt: Institute for the History of Arabic–Islamic Science.
Garcia Sanchez, E. (1992). Agriculture in Muslim Spain. Dalam: Jayyusi, S.K. (ed.). The Legacy of Muslim Spain, 2, 987-999. Leiden: Brill.
Gardner, H. (1994). The creators’ patters. Dalam M. Boden (Ed.). Dimensions of Creativity, 143-158. London: MIT Press/Badford Books.
Glick, T.F. (1978). Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages, Comparative Perspectives On Social And Cultural Formation, Princeton 1979; 2nd revised ed., Leiden.
Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation Of Self In Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday.
Hitti, Philip K. (1970). History of the Arabs, 10th ed. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
Hoddeson, Lillian, et al. (2002). True Genius: The Life And Science Of John Bardeen: The Only Winner Of Two Nobel Prizes In Physics. Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press.
Huff, Toby. (2003). The Rise Of Early Modern Science, 2nd ed. England: Cambridge University Press.
Imamuddin, S.M. (1963). The economic history of Spain: Under the Umayyads; 711 – 1031. Dacca: A.C. Asiatic Society of Pakistan.
Imamuddin, S.M. (1965). Some Aspects Of The Socio Economic And Cultural History of Muslim Spain, 711 – 1492. A.D. Netherlands: Leiden E.J. Brill.
Innovative and Creative Circle (ICC). (2016). Diakses pada 4 Mac 2019, daripada (http://www.mpc.gov.my/innovative-and-creative-circle-icc/).
Istanbouli, M.N. (1981). The History Of Arabic Medicine Based On The Work of Ibnu Abi Usaybe’ah, 1203-1270. England, UK: Loughborough University.
Johnson, S. (2010). Where Good Ideas Come From: The Natural History Of Innovation (1st Riverhead trade pbk. ed.). New York: Riverhead Books.
Kamus Dewan. (2010). Edisi Keempat. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Kartini Kartono. (1996). Pengantar metodologi riset sosial. Bandung CV: Mandar Maju.
Knight, Judson. (2000). Middle Ages Almanac. MI, United States: Farmington Hills.
Khan, M.S. (1995). Tabaqat al-Umam of Qadi Ibnu Sa’id al-Andalusi (1029-1070 A.D.). Indian Journal of History of Science, 30 (2-4), 133-149
M.A. Nadeem & M.Q Butt. (2019). Agronomic Treatises Of The Medieval Muslims (10th century – 12th century A.D.). 46, 47-60.
Maddux WW, Leung AK-Y, Galinsky AD, Chiu C-Y. (2008). Multicultural Experience Enhances Creativity: The When And How. Am. Psychol, 63, 169–81.
Martin, R. C. (2004). Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world. New York: Macmillan Reference USA.
Millan, C.A. (2004). Medical Anecdotes in Ibn Juljul's Biographical Dictionary. Suhayl Journal For The History Of The Exact And Natural Sciences In Islamic Civilization, 4, 141–58.
Mohamed Benchrifa. (1995). Al-Andalus: Tolerance and convergence. Dalam The Routes of al-Andalus: Spiritual Convergence and Intercultural Dialogue. Paris: UNESCO.
Morgan, Michael H. (2007). Lost History: The Enduring Legacy Of Muslim Scientists, Thinkers And Artists. Washington DC: National Geographic Society.
Osheroff, Douglass. (2010). How Advances In Science Are Made. Diakses pada 8 Jun 2016, daripada https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241394757_How_Advances_in_Science_Are_Made.
Poole, Stanley L. (1888). Story of the Moors in Spain. London: Fisher Unwin.
Ramen, Fred. (2006). Albucasis (Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi): Doktor bedah Islam termasyhur abad ke-10M. Edisi Bahasa Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: SAM Synergi Media Sdn Bhd.
Roziah Sidek. (2012). Relevansi Faktor Kegemilangan Sains Islam dengan Dunia Islam Masa Kini. Journal of al-Tamaddun. 7, 1-13.
Salmah Omar. (2009). Andalus: Semarak Tamadun di Eropah. Shah Alam: Karisma Publications Sdn. Bhd.
Sarton, G. (1975). Introduction to the History Of Science. Florida: Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company.
Sa’id al-Andalusi. (1996). Science in the Medieval World: Book Of The Categories Of Nations (Salem, Sema’an I. and Kumar, Alok, Trans). Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. (Karya asal 1068M).
Spuler, B. (1960). The Muslim World Part I: The age of the caliphs. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Sharif Kaf Al-Ghazal. (2007). Al-Zahrawi (Albucasis) the great Andalusian surgeon. Muslim Heritage, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilization. Manchester, UK. Diakses pada 26 Julai 2018, daripada www.muslimheritage.com/uploads/Al-Zahrawi_Great_Andalusian_Surgeon.pdf.
Storper, M. dan Venables A. J. (2004). Buzz: Face-To-Face Contact And The Urban Economy. Journal of Economic Geography, 4, 351 – 370.
Stromberg, Roland N. (1994). European Intellectual History Since 1789. 6th Edition. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Turner, Howard R. (1999). Science in Medieval Islam: An Illustrated Introduction. Texas: University of Texas Press.
Vernet, J. (2000). Natural & technical sciences in al-Andalus. Dalam: Jayyusi, S.K. (ed.). The Legacy of Muslim Spain, vol. 2, 987-999. Leiden: Brill.
Wan Abdul Rahman Latif. (2000). Sejarah Perkembangan Tamadun Dunia. Kuala Lumpur: DBP.
Weiner, E. (2016). The Geography Of Genius: A Search For The World's Most Creative Places From Ancient Athens to Silicon Valley. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Yi, Hor Yen, Sulaiman, Tajularipin & Baki, Roselan. (2011). The Role Of Multiple Intelligences And Creativity In Students’ Learning Style. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(8), 85-94.
Yildirim, Rifat Vedat. (2013). Studies on De Materia Medica of Dioscorides in the Islamic era. Asclepio 65 (1), p007. Diakses pada 8 Disember 2018, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2013.07
Zohor Idrisi. (2005). Muslim agriculture revolution and its influence on Europe. Muslim Heritage, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilization. Manchester, UK. Diakses pada 10 Oktober 2018.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in UMRAN - International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions or any other reproductions of similar a nature.