Konsep Al-Darurah Dalam Akad Tawarruq Menurut Maqasid Al-Kulliyah: Satu Kajian Awal (Al-Darurah Concept In Tawarruq Akad According to Maqasid Al-Kulliyah: An Initial Study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/umran2018.5n2.171Abstract
Abstract
The question of ḍarūrah (neccesities), from an academic perspective, is an important subject that should be mastered and explored by students, religious preachers and Islamic scholars. A mukallaf (a religiously responsible Muslim) is sometimes in a situation that does not allow the implementation of taklif syarak (obligations in the syarak) as ordered. Rather, they need to choose between two contradictory issues, namely the prohibition to consume carcasses and the demand to protect life. Islamic finance uses the principle of ḍarūrah in financial applications such as Tawarruq Munazzam. Tawarruq Munazzam, according to a fatwa, was prohibited by the OIC in 2009 but has been applied in Malaysia based on the argument of ḍarūrah. Hence, it demands a thorough and dynamic examination to ensure the use of ḍarūrah in Islamic finance is not only consistent with the actual principle of ḍarūrah but also a religious decree methodology that is dynamic. This journal aimed to elaborate on the actual concept of ḍarūrah in Islam and to describe the use of the religious decree methodology in contemporary Islamic finance. The inductive, deductive and comparative methods were used in this study. The findings indicated that the ḍarūrah concept has not been explored and applied in the actual context according to Islamic finance methodology as well as comprehensively according to Maqāsid Kulliyah, which fulfils the actual sustenance of syariah.
Keywords: Ḍarūrah (neccesities), Current, Islamic Finance, Methodology, Maqāsid
Abstrak
Persoalan ḍarūrah secara ilmiah merupakan satu subjek yang penting untuk dikuasai dan diterokai oleh penuntut, pendakwah dan sarjana ilmu Islam. Seseorang mukallaf kadangkala berada dalam situasi yang tidak memungkinkan mereka menjalankan taklif syarak sebagaimana yang diperintahkan bahkan memerlukan mereka memilih di antara dua perkara yang saling bertentangan seperti larangan memakan bangkai dan tuntutan memelihara nyawa. Kewangan Islam menggunakan prinsip ḍarūrah dalam aplikasi kewangan seperti Tawaruq Munazzahom. Tawarruq Munzazzhom telah difatwakan haram oleh OIC pada tahun 2009 namun telah diaplikasikan di Malaysia dengan menggunakan hujah ḍarūrah. Maka ia menuntut satu tinjauan yang lebih menyeluruh dan dinamik dalam memastikan pemakaian ḍarūrah dalam kewangan Islam menepati bukan sahaja prinsip ḍarūrah sebenar tetapi metodologi hukum yang dinamik dan organik. Kertas kerja ini bertujuan menjelaskan konsep ḍarūrah sebenar dalam Islam seterusnya menghuraikan pemakaian metodologi hukum dalam kewangan Islam semasa. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode induktif, deduktif dan komparatif. Dapatan mendapati konsep ḍarūrah masih belum diterokai dan diaplikasi dalam konteks yang tepat menurut metodologi kewangan Islam secara menyeluruh menurut Maqāsid Kulliyah yang memenuhi sustansi syariah sebenar.
Keywords: Ḍarūrah, Semasa, Kewangan Islam, Metodologi, Maqāsid
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