THE INFLUENCE OF ABBASID EMPIRE AND COMMUNITY NEEDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ḤADĪTH LITERATURE AND ISLAMIC PROPHETOLOGY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/umran2017.4n2.138Keywords:
Abbasid, ḥadīth literature, Islamic prophetology, Muhammad’s prophethoodAbstract
Abstract
At the time of Abbasid Empire, the Caliph’s court seems to give serious attention in safeguarding the prophethood of Muḥammad and supporting the development of ḥadīth literature. Not only had the Muslims scholar, his own Caliph also produced a work on Islamic Prophetology. Caliph al-Ma’mūn (d. 218/833) has been documented as one of the Abbasid Caliph that produced a work known as Risāla fī Aʿlām al-Nubuwwa. In fact, the Abbasid ruler were also identified as participating in ḥadīth discourse and praising for the ḥadīth colloquy. This actions clearly exhibit the court’s patronage of ḥadīth discourse. In his account, Ibn al-Samʿānī records that al-Manṣūr (d. 158/775), al-Rashīd (d. 193/809) and al-Ma’mūn (d. 218/833) were among the Abbasid Caliphate’s supporters who extolled the ḥadīth colloquium. This study aims to explore the Abbasid’s court and community influence on the development of ḥadīth discourse and Islamic Prophetology. The study is qualitative in nature, in which the researcher employed both critical and analytical analysis on Islamic sources related to the subject. It is indeed an arduous task to sift the enormous amount of Islamic sources, thus, this study is focuses on works produced within the ninth century as its parameter of study. The study in its finding confirms that the Abbasid court appears as playing significant role to safeguarding the prophethood of Muḥammad and expanding ḥadīth literature. The study also ascertains salient evidences bearing witnesses to Muslim and non-Muslim encounters concerning the prophethood of Muḥammad that contribute to the development of Islamic discourse on the subject.
References
Abbott, Nabia. (1967). Early Development of Written Tradition’, Studies in Arabic Literary Papyri II: Qur’anic Commentary and Tradition. University of Chicago Press.
Abduh, Khalid Muḥammad (ed), 2006. Risālat Abī l-Rabīʿ Muḥammad ibn al-Layth allatī katabahā li-l-Rashīd ilā Qusṭanṭīn malik al-Rūm. Maktaba al-Nafizah.
Abū Zahw, Muhammad. (1378H). al-Ḥadīth wa al-Muḥaddithūn. Dār al-Fikr al-ʿArabī.
ʿAjīn, Asmā’ Ibrāhīm. (2008). Manhaj al-Hāfizʿ Abd al-Razzāq al-Ṣanʿānī fī Muṣannafihi. al-Qāhira.
Al-Azami, M. Mustafa. (1978). Studies in Early Ḥadith Literature. Indiana.
Adang, Camilla. (1996). Muslim Writers on Judaism and the Hebrew Bible: From Ibn Rabban to Ibn Hazm. Leiden: E.J Brill.
Arjomand, Said Amir. (2009). ‘The Constitution Of Medina: A Socio-legal Interpretation Of Muḥammad’s Acts Of Foundation Of The Umma’, International Journal of Middle East Studies. Cambridge University Press.
Berg, Herbert. (2006). ‘Context: Muhammad’, in Andrew Rippin (ed), Blackwell Companion to the Qurʾān. Blackwell.
___________. (2000).The Development of Exegesis in Early Islam. New York: Routledge.
Brown, Jonathan. (2009). Ḥadīth: Muḥammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World. England: One World.
______________. (2007). The Canonization of al-Bukhārī and Muslim The Formation and Function of the Sunni Ḥadīth Collection. Leiden.
Bertaina, David. (2015) ‘Mujādalat Abī Qurra maʿa al-Mutakallimīn al-Muslimīn fī Majlis al-Khalīfa al-Maʾmūn’, in ed. David Thomas, Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Brill Online.
Duderija, Adis. (2009). ‘Evolution in the Canonical Sunni Ḥadīth Body of Literature and the Concept of an Authentic Ḥadith During the Formative Period of Islamic Thought as Based on Recent Western Scholarship’, in Arabic Law Quarterly. Brill.
El-Cheikh, Nadia. (1999). ‘Muḥammad and Heraclius: A Study in Legitimacy’, Studia Islamica. Maisonneuve & Larose. 5-21.
Goldziher, Ignaz. (1971). Muslim Studies. State University of New York Press.
Griffith, Sidney. 2008. The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque: Christians and Muslims in the World of Islam. Princeton University Press.
Hitti, Philip K. (2002). History of Syria Including Lebanon and Palestine. New Jersey: Gorgias Press.
Hoyland, Robert. (2007). ‘Writing the Biography of the Prophet Muhammad: Problems and Solutions’, History Compass. 5(2). 581–602.
______________. (2000). ‘The Earliest Christian Writings on Muḥammad: An Appraisal’ in ed. Motzki. The Biography of Muḥammad, the issue of the sources. Leiden.
Ibn al-Murtadhā. (1961). Ṭabaqāt al-Mu’tazila. Bayrūt: Dar Maktabah al-Haya.
Ibn al-Nadīm, Muḥammad. (1970). The Fihrist of al-Nadīm, trans. ed. Bayard Dodge. New York: Columbia University Press.
Ibn al-Samʿānī. ʿAbd al-Karīm Ibn Muḥammad. (1981). Adāb al-Imlā’ wa al-Istimlā’. Bayrūt.
Ibrahim, Mahmood. (1994). ‘Religious Inquisition As Social Policy: The Persecution Of The ‘Zanādiqa’ In The Early Abbasid Caliphate’, Arab Studies Quarterly. California State University.
Guillaume, Alfred. (2004). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford University Press.
_______________. (1966). Tradition of Islam An Introduction to the Study of Ḥadīth Literature. Beirut.
Maloush, Ṭalal. (2000). Early Ḥadīth Literature and The Theory Of Ignaz Goldziher. unpublished thesis, University of Edinburgh.
Kister, M.J. (1983). The Sīra Literature, in ed. A.F.L Beeston Cambridge History of Arabic Literature. Arabic literature to the end of the Umayyad period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Motzki, Harald. (2005). ‘Dating Muslim Traditions: A Survey’, Arabica, 52.
Robson. (1954). ‘The Transmission of Tirmidhī's Jāmi'’, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. Cambridge University Press. 16(2), 258.
Robson, J. (2014). ‘Ḥadīth’ in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online.
Roggema, Barbara. (2009). The Legend of Sergius-Baḥīrā Eastern Christian Apologetic and Apocalyptic in Response to Islam. Leiden.
________________. (2001). ‘A Christian Reading of the Quran: The Legend of Sergius-Bahira and Its Use of Quran and Sira’, in Syrian Christians Under Islam The First Thousand Years. Brill.
________________. (2015). ‘Risālat Abī l-Rabīʿ Muḥammad ibn al-Layth allatī katabahā li-l-Rashīd ilā Qusṭanṭīn malik al-Rūm,’ in Christian-Muslim Relations 600-1500, ed. David Thomas. Brill Online.
Samir, Samir Khalil. 2011. ‘The Prophet Muḥammad As Seen By Timothy I And Other Arab Christian Authors’, in ed. David Thomas, Syrian Christians Under Islam The First Thousand Years. Brill.Siddiqi, M. Zubayr. (1994). Hadīth Literature: Its Origin, Development and Special Features. Cambridge.
Sezgin, Fuad. (1991.) Tārīkh al-Turāth al-‘Arabī. Riyadh.
Schimmel, Annemarie. 1985. And Muḥammad Is His Mesengger The Veneration of The Prophet in Islamic Piety. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.
Stroumsa, Sarah. (1985). The Signs of Prophecy: The Emergence and Early Development of a Theme in Arabic Theological Literature. in The Harvard Theological Review. 78.1/2. 101-114.
Szilagyi, Krisztina. 2008. Muḥammad and The Monk: The Making of The Christian Baḥīrā Legend, in Jerusalem Studies in Arab and Islam. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Thomas, David. ‘Risāla fī aʿlām al-nubuwwa’, in Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. in ed. David Thomas. Brill Online, 2015.
Thomas, David. (2015) ‘Risāla fī aʿlām al-nubuwwa’, in Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. in ed. David Thomas. Brill Online, 2015.
Troupeau, G.. (2015). ‘Al-Kindī, ʿAbd al-Masīḥ’, in ed. P. Bearman, et. al., Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Brill Online.
Weil, Gustav. (1843). Mohammed der Prophet, sein Leben und seine Lehre. Stuttgart : Metzler.
___________ . (1895). ‘An Introduction to the Qurʾān’. The Biblical World. 5(3). 181-191.
___________. (n.d.). A History of Islamic Peoples. trans., Khuda Bukhsh, University of Calcutta.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright of articles that appear in UMRAN - International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies belongs exclusively to Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Penerbit UTM Press). This copyright covers the rights to reproduce the article, including reprints, electronic reproductions or any other reproductions of similar a nature.
