UMRAN - Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies
UMRAN - Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies (EISSN 2289-8204), previously known as International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies, is an online refereed journal published by UTM Press and managed by Islamic Civilization Academy, Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. For aims and scope can be referred to: https://jurnalumran.utm.my/index.php/umran/aimsandscope Journal Summary Journal Title UMRAN - Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies Subjects Islamic and Civilizational Studies. Language English and Bahasa Melayu E-ISSN 2289-8204 (online) Frequency 3 issues per year (March, July, November) DOI https://doi.org/10.11113/umran Editor in Chief Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Fauzi bin Abu @ Hussin Publisher Penerbit UTM Press Citation Analysis Number of UMRAN - Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies articles that have been cited by Scopus indexed sources: <a href="https://www.scopus.com/results/results.uri?sort=plf-f&src=dm&sid=da5ecb086612723b5b2aaa0e9ba51a98&sot=a&sdt=cl&sl=20&s=REFSRCTITLE%28%22UMRAN%22%29&origin=resultslist&editSaveSearch=&txGid=58feec3ce3561afc8962f98fa2dffd9f&sessionSearchId=da5ecb086612723b5b2aaa0e9ba51a98&limit=10&cluster=scoexactsrctitle%2C%22Umran+International+Journal+of+Islamic+and+Civilizational+Studies%22%2Ct%2C%22International+Journal+of+Islamic+and+Civilizational+Studies+Umran%22%2Ct%2C%22Umran+Journal+of+Islamic+and+Civilizational+Studies%22%2Ct%2C%22Umran+Int+J+Islam+Civiliz+Stud%22%2Ct" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SCOPUS
Keperluan Prosedur Forensik Digital dalam Pembuktian Jenayah Siber di Mahkamah Syariah: Isu dan Cabaran/ The Need of Digital Forensics Procedure in Proving Cyber Criminal Offences in Malaysian Syariah Courts: Issues and Challenges
The prosecution of cyber offences in Malaysian Syariah courts faces a procedural gap whereby the Syariah Court Evidence (Federal Territories) Act 1997 [Act 561] has yet to prescribe clear technical standards for the acquisition, analysis and presentation of digital evidence. This has resulted in the evaluation of digital evidence remaining dependent on judicial discretion in the absence of uniform forensic guidelines. This study analyses the need for digital forensic procedures in proving cyber criminal offences in Syariah courts by examining its foundations from technical, legal and Sharīʿah perspectives. Through doctrinal analysis and document analysis, the study examines Act 561 provisions, Practice Direction No. 4 of 2020, Islamic evidentiary principles and selected Syariah court cases involving digital evidence. Findings demonstrate that the provisions on al-kitābah, al-qarīnah and raʾy al-khabīr in Act 561 provide a principled basis for the reception of digital evidence, while Sharīʿah concepts such as maṣlahah, ʿurf and the tradition of inference- and expertise-based proof reinforce the necessity of digital forensics as a contemporary evidentiary method. However, these foundations remain unsupported by adequate technical procedures. Two principal issues are identified: a legislative-technical gap requiring clarification of the legal status of digital evidence and the expansion of Practice Direction No. 4 of 2020 into a more operationally detailed procedural guide and a human capital deficit in digital forensic literacy encompassing Syariah judges, prosecutors, religious enforcement officers and forensic experts. This study advances a technical, legal and Sharīʿah-based justification for the development of standardised digital forensic procedures in Malaysian Syariah courts, thereby contributing to the discourse on reforming the Syariah evidentiary system in confronting the realities of contemporary digital crime.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tuan Muhammad Faris Hamzi Tuan Ibrahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Triangulating Uṣūl Al-Fiqh, Al-Qawā’id Al-Fiqhiyyah, and Maqāṣid Al-Sharī’ah: Implications for Contemporary Ijtihād and Iftā’
This study examines the intersection of Uṣūl al-Fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence), al-Qawāʿid al-Fiqhiyyah (juridical maxims), and Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah (higher objectives of the law) through an integrated analytical approach, with particular attention to their implications for contemporary ijtihād (independent juristic reasoning) and iftā’ (issuance of legal opinions). The problem addressed is the absence of a comprehensive framework that effectively harmonises these foundational disciplines to ensure both textual fidelity and contextual relevance in juristic reasoning and fatwā issuance. The primary objective is to develop a cohesive model that triangulates these methodologies of Islamic legal theory, thereby providing a unified analytical tool for scholars, juristic councils, and practitioners. Adopting a qualitative methodology, the study undertakes a comparative analysis of classical and contemporary jurisprudential texts, incorporating scholarly works, case studies, and theoretical frameworks to identify commonalities and divergences. By applying an integrative approach, it synthesises perspectives and proposes a model that strengthens juristic consistency, enhances methodological discipline, and aligns legal rulings with the overarching objectives of the Sharīʿah. The findings indicate that while Uṣūl, Qawāʿid, and Maqāṣid individually provide critical perspectives, their integration yields a more coherent and ethically responsive framework for addressing complex legal scenarios. The study, therefore, recommends the formal adoption of this triangulated model by fatwā bodies to ensure coherence, its integration into higher Islamic education to bridge theory and praxis, and its extension to emerging domains, including biotechnology, digital finance, and environmental governance. It further advocates interdisciplinary collaboration and policy application to guarantee rulings that are sharʿī-compliant, socially viable, and reflective of the Qurʾānic principle of wasaṭiyyah (moderation), thereby safeguarding Islamic law against both rigid literalism and unchecked liberalism.
Copyright (c) 2026 Oyekolade Sodiq OYESANYA, Sanusi Lafiagi HARUNA, Qowiyy Olalekan BADMUS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Antara Mengadaptasi Mekanisme Barat dan Mempertahankan Epistemologi Islam dalam Mendepani Wabak: Suatu Refleksi Historis Abad Ke-19/ Navigating Western Mechanisms and Islamic Epistemology amid Epidemics: A Nineteenth-Century Historical Reflection
Epidemics often bring latent epistemological tensions across civilizational traditions into sharp relief, including those between Islam and the West. Although epidemic-control mechanisms developed within Western scientific traditions are commonly presented as universal and objective, their adoption has repeatedly posed dilemmas among Muslim societies concerning their legitimacy, applicability and epistemic consequences. This article examines these dilemmas through a content analysis of two nineteenth-century historical texts. The first, Hamdan Khodja’s “Itḥāf al-Munṣifīn wa al-Udabāʾ bi-Mabāḥith al-Iḥtirāz ʿan al-Wabāʾ” (1836), is analysed as a Muslim intellectual response to epidemic-control measures introduced under French colonial rule in Algeria. Khodja acknowledges the practical efficacy of Western scientific methods, yet remains sharply attentive to the worldview that undergirds them. His position foregrounds the central dilemma of how Muslim societies might appropriate useful health mechanisms without succumbing to secular-mechanistic epistemology. This tension is further examined through Donkin et al.’s “The Cholera and Hagar’s Well at Mecca” (1883), a colonial dossier of correspondence among British officials and medical experts. The text shows how British authorities mobilised scientific discourse through claims concerning the contamination of Zamzam water, supported by selective data, pejorative rhetoric and methodological opacity in order to advance a broader colonial narrative. Such practices reveal how scientific inquiry, when embedded within imperial structures of power, could become an instrument of epistemic colonisation. By placing these two texts in conversation, this article argues that the distinction between mechanism and epistemology could not be negotiated on equal terms under colonial conditions. The colonial entrenchment of Western epistemology rendered any attempt to reconcile the two inherently fraught and structurally asymmetrical from the outset. This article therefore calls for the development of autonomous health mechanisms grounded in Islamic onto-epistemology, so that future Muslim engagement with public health may proceed without being drawn back into recurring patterns of Western hegemony.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Abrar Md Isa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Nuzriah (Nadhar) as a Muslim Estate Planning Mechanism in Singapore
Nuzriah, described in Singapore Muslim estate-planning discourse as a form of Nadhar or Nazar, is discussed as a mechanism for transferring property to selected beneficiaries shortly before death. Its development in Singapore is closely linked to MUIS Fatwa and Irsyad materials, joint-tenancy concerns, family hardship and the need for contemporary ijtihād in Muslim estate planning. This article examines whether Nuzriah can be reconciled with Muslim-law principles and the Administration of Muslim Law Act 1966 (AMLA). It seeks to identify the doctrinal and legal nature of Nuzriah within the framework of Hibah, Waṣiyyah, Nadhar and Faraid; analyse the decision in Mohamed Ismail bin Ibrahim and Another v Mohammad Taha bin Ibrahim [2004] SGHC 210; and evaluate how Nuzriah may be refined and regulated as a contemporary Muslim estate-planning instrument. Adopting a doctrinal legal research method, the study analyses AMLA, reported judgments, MUIS-related Fatwa and Irsyad materials, and classical and contemporary maslahah writings through statutory interpretation, case analysis and doctrinal comparison with the Shāfiʿī position and wider Muslim-law principles. The findings indicate that Nuzriah reflects a genuine maslahah-based response to practical estate-planning difficulties, especially involving jointly owned property and family dependants. However, where its legal effect is tied to a period immediately before death, it must be carefully reconciled with the safeguards of Hibah, Waṣiyyah, Nadhar, Faraid and AMLA. The article argues that Mohamed Ismail should not be understood as a general rejection of MUIS’s religious authority. Rather, it should be read as a judicial reminder that the legal substance and enforceability of a Nuzriah instrument remain subject to scrutiny, particularly where proprietary rights and heirs’ entitlements are disputed. It concludes that Nuzriah, if retained as an estate-planning mechanism, should be supported by clearer doctrinal foundations, careful drafting, public education, and appropriate statutory or administrative safeguards.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sadali bin Rasban, Prof. Madya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Pengaruh Komitmen Beragama Dan Pengetahuan Agama Terhadap Komitmen Halal Dalam Kalangan Saudara Baru/ The Influence of Religious Commitment and Religious Knowledge on Halal Commitment among New Convert
The halal industry is increasingly gaining recognition, not only among Muslims but also among non-Muslim communities. This trend reflects a growing demand for halal-certified products and services. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of religious commitment and religious knowledge on halal commitment among Muslim converts.This study employed a quantitative research design, with descriptive analysis used to explore the demographic profile of respondents, and inferential analysis specifically multiple regressionto identify the influence of religious commitment and religious knowledge (independent variables) on halal commitment (dependent variable).A total of 201 Muslim converts residing in the Kota Kinabalu area participated in the study by completing a structured questionnaire. The instruments used in this study included the Religious Knowledge Scale, the Muslim Daily Religiosity Assessment Scale (MUDRAS), and the Five-Component Customer Commitment Model.Data analysis was conducted using multiple regression via the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. The findings revealed that both religious knowledge and religious commitment did not significantly influence halal commitment among the respondents. The implications of the study suggest that efforts to introduce the concept of halal to Muslim converts must adopt a more comprehensive approach. Exposure should not be limited to the knowledge aspect alone but should also consider psychological factors and the social experiences of converts as they adapt to an Islamic way of life. Therefore, strategies to strengthen halal commitment among Muslim converts must be developed holistically, involving collaboration between communities, religious institutions, and industry stakeholders. Continuous support and easy access to credible halal information and products are essential to ensuring meaningful engagement with the concept of halal among this group.
Copyright (c) 2026 NURUL HUDANI MD NAWI, Habibie Ibrahim, Tuan Norbalkish Tuan Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Pendekatan Kuratorial Patuh Syariah Terhadap Objek Suci: Analisis Literatur Berasaskan Maqasid Dan Adab/ Syariah Compliance Curatorial Approach to Sacred Objects: A Literature Review Based on Maqasid and Adab
This article analyses the Islamic curatorial approach to the management of artifacts, sacred objects, and religious spaces, grounded in the principles of adab (etiquette), maqasid al-shariah (higher objectives of Islamic law), and the epistemology of tawhid (divine unity). It highlights the fundamental differences between secular Western curatorial models and Islamic perspectives that emphasize sanctity, devotional function, and spiritual responsibility. The analysis includes a typology of sacred objects in Islam, a value-based curatorial framework, and the urgent need to develop ethical codes, professional training modules, and Islamic curatorial research institutions. The article proposes an interdisciplinary and context-sensitive model as a meaningful alternative for building a just, dignified, and spiritually conscious Islamic curatorial system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Farid Abd Jalal, Ibrahim Majdi Mohamad Kamil, Rahimin Affandi Abdul Rahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Konsep Kejatuhan Peradaban/ Malek Bennabi dan Realiti Sejarah Pasca Muwahhidun Malek Bennabi’s Concept of the Decline of Civilization and the Historical Reality of the Post-Muwahhidun Era
This study explores Malek Bennabi’s thoughts on the decline of civilizations and evaluates his ideas against the historical realities of the post-Muwahhidun era. The concept of civilizational decline stems from Bennabi’s understanding of the speculative philosophy of history, which aims to uncover universal historical laws to explain the fall of Islamic civilization. Bennabi’s framework emphasizes the cyclical nature of civilizations, driven by the interaction between the realm of man, the realm of ideas, and the realm of objects. By comparing Bennabi’s perspective with thinkers such as Ibn Khaldūn and Arnold Toynbee, the study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of his framework in interpreting civilizational dynamics. Through a critical analysis of the post-Muwahhidun era, the study examines the factors behind the decline of civilization, including colonizability (Qabiliyah Li Isti’mar), the distortion of religious ideas, and the erosion of social networks and cultural crises that contributed to the fall of Islamic civilization. Extending Bennabi’s theory of civilizational decline with a focus on the post-Muwahhidun era, his assertions are evaluated against historical developments such as the cultural and intellectual achievements in Andalus and the Ottoman Empire. These historical realities challenge his claims of total stagnation in Islamic civilization after the Muwahhidun period. The findings highlight the importance of contextualizing Bennabi’s critique within broader historical realities and affirm the potential of his ideas for addressing contemporary challenges in civilizational revival.
Muhamad Amirul Asyraf Ahmad Kamal Zulkhairi
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Amirul Asyraf, Norsaleha Mohd Salleh , Syarul Azman Shaharuddin, Rosli Mokhtar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Melakar Masa Depan Jawi: Kelestarian Nilai Tradisi dan Pemerkasaan Ilmu di Peringkat IPT/ Envisioning the Future of Jawi: Sustaining Traditional Values And Empowering Knowledge in Higher Education
Jawi is a national heritage asset rich in intellectual, historical and Malay-Islamic cultural values. Despite various initiatives implemented at the scholl level, the continuity of Jawi education in higher education institutions (HEIs) remains limited and receives insufficient attention. This study aims to explore the current status of Jawi within higher education and propose future strategies to elevate Jawi education in Malaysia HEIs. A qualitative approach was employed through semi-structured interviews with lecturers involved in Jawi teaching. The data analyzed using the constant comparataive method and triangulated with document analysis. The finding reveals that the understanding of Jawi needs to be reframed beyond its perception as merely a script. Jawi education in HEIs is not fully integrated into the mainstream curriculum but it mostly offered as elective or minor courses. These findings underscore the need for reform in alternative teaching guidelines that are holistic, contextual, and responsive not only to preserve the Jawi heritage but also to adapt it to 21st-century learning requirements. The adoption of learner-centered andragogical approaches should be prioritized. This study proposes the development of a Jawi education model framework grounded in Islamic epistemology, andragogical principles and the strengthening of higher education policy. Such an initiave is deemed crucial to ensure the continued relevance of Jawi as a medium of heritage, thought and identity in the modern educational era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nik Sofwatul Izzah Ishak, Asyraf Isyraqi Jamil, Roslan Mohd Nor, Muhamad Nasir Mohamad Salleh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Sekularisasi Kolonial Perancis di Tunisia (1881-1956): Analisis Impak terhadap Sosial Masyarakat/ French Colonial Secularization in Tunisia (1881–1956): An Analysis of its Impact on Social
Secularization is derived from the word "secular," which refers to worldly matters, being non-religious and unrelated to religion, as defined by the Dewan Bahasa Dictionary (Fourth Edition). Secularization, which is synonymous with the term "secularizing," refers to the process of transforming religious values into worldly values. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explain French colonial secularization, referring to the process of reducing religious influence within society across various aspects, including politics, social life, and the economy. This secularization continued even after Tunisia gained independence. The methodology of this study applies the documentation method in collecting qualitative data, utilizing comparative, deductive, and inductive approaches. The findings of the study reveal that the secularization implemented by the French colonial administration transformed the religious landscape in Tunisia, altering the identity and culture of Tunisian society that persisted even after French decolonization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Penerbit UTM Press http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Balancing Infrastructural Development and Social Welfare: An Islamic Perspective on the Ibadan Circular Road Project Controversy
This paper addresses the controversy on the Ibadan Circular Road (ICR) project in Oyo State, Nigeria, particularly its impact on residents displaced in six local government areas: Ido, Akinyele, Egbeda, Ona-Ara, Lagelu, and Oluyole. While the project aims at urban renewal and benefits for residents and commuters, many argue that the government's approach has imposed hardship on those displaced, leading to allegations of unfair practices. The study examines the issue through the lens of Islamic governance and urban development systems, suggesting that contemporary leaders can learn to balance infrastructure development with social justice. Using qualitative case study methodology, including government documents and surveys of 60 out of the displaced residents, the findings indicate that at least 500 individuals have become homeless due to government-initiated demolition. The paper recommends that the state government should have adopted Caliph Umar’s principles to ensure a balance between development and social welfare, setting a positive precedent for future projects.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ridwan Olamilekan Mustapha, Yakub Olawale Abdulwahab https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
This paper critically examines the nature and implications of fiat money through the lens of contemporary Muslim scholars. The objective of this study is to evaluate the legitimacy, sustainability, and ethical dimensions of fiat money, which defined as currency without intrinsic value and upheld solely by government devree, in light of Islamic principles. The methodology employed in this study consists of unstructured interviews with five key figures in the field of Islamic economics and monetary thought, namely Dr. Ugi Suharto, Prof. Dr. Ahmed Razman Abdul Latiff, Prof. Dato’ Dr. Ahamed Kameel Mydin Meera, Dr. Yahia Abdul-Rahman, and Ahmad Yani Ismail. The findings reveal a strong consensus that while fiat money functions as a medium of exchange, it is inherently unstable and incompatible with the Islamic principles of justice, transparency, and value rooted in real assets. Most of the scholars emphasize the dangers of money creation through fractional reserve banking, the systemic injustices embedded in fiat-based financial systems, and the inadequency of current Islamic legal rulings to address these challenges. The contribution of this study lies in highlighting the urgent need to re-examine the metaphysical foundations of money and to develop alternative systems grounded in real value and moral accountability. By situating fiat money as not merely a technical instrument but a moral construct with far-reaching societal consequences, the paper underlines the importance of cultivating deeper scholarly expertise in monetary theory within the Muslim world to navigate and reform contemporary financial monetary structures.
Copyright (c) 2026 Azah Atikah Anwar Batcha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Addressing the Essential Needs of the Bangsamoro Ummah in Southern Philippines: The Maqasid al-Shariah-Based Peacebuilding Framework of the BARMM Government
The establishment of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) is a significant achievement in the long quest for peace in the southern Philippines. Using qualitative content analysis method of study, the present study assesses BARMM's programs that address the fundamental needs of the Bangsamoro people to attain lasting peace through the framework of Maqasid al-Shariah—the objectives of Islamic law. As a framework, Maqasid al-shariáh prioritizes the preservation of religion (din), life (nafs), intellect (‘aql), lineage (nasl), and property (mal). The findings indicate that integrating Maqasid al-Shariah offers a comprehensive and culturally relevant approach to peace-building, promoting inclusivity, justice, and societal well-being. The study recommends embedding these principles into governance mechanisms. Specific policy suggestions include prioritizing religious harmony in education curricula, safeguarding livelihoods through ethical economic initiatives, and promoting intellectual development through anti-radicalization programs. These strategies aim to align contemporary approaches with Islamic ethical imperatives for sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Prof. Lantong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Islamic Ethical Principles and Maqasid al-Shariah to Enhance Digital Competency Among Adolescents
Modern advancements, including computers, smart devices, high-speed internet and generative artificial intelligence, have made technology an integral part of adolescents' daily lives. The digital age has significantly transformed how they engage with technology, reshaping the ways they learn, communicate and interact. As digital environment become essential to their social and educational development, the need for digital competency has grown. However, digital competency should go beyond technical skills, incorporating ethical decision-making, identities and responsible online behavior. This article explores the integration of the Islamic ethical and Maqasid al-Shariah (the objectives of Islamic law) framework to enhance digital competency among adolescents. By focusing on the core Islamic principles such as adab (proper conduct), amanah (trustworthiness), ihsan (excellence) and niyyah (intention). The article demonstrates how these values guide adolescents in engaging with digital technologies responsibly. Furthermore, the objectives of the Maqasid al-Shariah focus on the preservation of religion (din), life (nafs), intellect (aql), lineage (nasl) and property (mal) will provide a holistic approach that ensures digital practices promote the well-being of individuals and society. This framework encourages adolescents to use digital platforms ethically, protect their personal integrity, rights, responsibilities, well-being and contribute positively to the community. The article highlights how aligning digital behavior with these Islamic values fosters both technical proficiency and a sense of social responsibility. Ultimately, holistic Islamic ethical principles and Maqasid al-Shariah into digital literacy education supports the personal, social and spiritual growth of adolescents. Thus, promoting a balanced approach to digital engagement that contributes to the broader goals of Islamic ethics and societal well-being
Copyright (c) 2025 Noorlila Ahmad, Mohammad Karimi Ma, Siti Fatimah Abd. Rahman, Syarifah Rohaniah Syed Mahmood, Nor Asiah Muhamad@ Razak, Syamsul Nor Azlan Mohamad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Impact of Gamification in Enhancing Students’ Speaking Skills
Gamification in education appears to be an emerging trend, as it is perceived to make teaching and learning more engaging and motivating. However, despite its popularity, there is limited research on how well it improves language skills, specifically speaking skills. Among the four language abilities (listening, speaking, reading, and writing), speaking skills are considered the most important. This review therefore aims to recognise the impacts of gamification in improving speaking skills from learners’ perspectives of different ages and academic levels by reviewing 13 articles and journals from the year 2019 to 2023. The findings suggest incorporating the elements of gamification in the classroom benefits the learners in terms of increasing motivation, enhancing speaking skills and competency, increasing participation and engagement, creating a better learning environment, fostering students’ collaboration, reducing speaking anxiety and promoting overall positive perception towards gamification. This literature review aims to provide a better overview of the impact of gamification in enhancing learners' speaking skills and recommendations for future researchers to explore more benefits of gamification on speaking skills from both learners’ and instructors’ perspectives.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Fatimah Abd. Rahman, Syamimi Nursyafikah Zainal, Qurratu A’yun Hashim, Ahmad Adib Ismail Shauki, Noorlila Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Exemplary Leadership in Developing A MADANI Society: The Hadith Approach in Sahih Al-Bukhari
Effective leadership is a cornerstone in building trust between citizens and leaders, as well as achieving social justice, economic stability, and societal harmony. For Malaysia’s aspiration to become a MADANI society, strong leadership rooted in integrity and a genuine commitment to nation-building is essential. While various leadership models exist, many rely solely on intellectual reasoning, which can sometimes justify immoral actions under the guise of "the greater good." Moreover, these models often exclude religious guidance, remaining purely secular. This article examines the exemplary leadership of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as depicted in Sahih al-Bukhari, the most authoritative compilation of hadith. Using a qualitative research approach, the study employs document analysis and interprets the data through inductive and descriptive methods. The findings reveal that Sahih al-Bukhari provides a robust framework for exemplary leadership, emphasizing key themes such as integrity and obedience, compassion and equity, meritocracy and humility, anti-corruption and transparency, justice and advocacy, divine and moral accountability, and fair compensation. These principles are deeply tied to morality and ethics, rejecting the justification of immorality for perceived greater benefits. Sunnah-based leadership, which upholds ethical and moral integrity, ensures effective governance and aligns with the development of a MADANI society.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juliyana Junaidi, Latifah Abdul Majid, Wan Siti Norjannah Wan Sulong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Principles and Practices of Religious Tolerance According to Islam In The Malaysian Context: A Systematic Literature Review
Religious tolerance in Islam is a vital foundation for sustaining social harmony in Malaysia’s multireligious context. However, its implementation faces persistent challenges, including the rise of religious conservatism, conceptual misunderstandings between Tasamuh and secular pluralism and the growing influence of polarised narratives on digital media. This study aims to (1) identify the core theological principles of Islamic religious tolerance in the Malaysian context and (2) analyse how these principles are operationalised through education, public policy and everyday social practices. Adopting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, this study synthesises findings from 45 peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2025 using thematic synthesis and critical interpretive synthesis. The findings reveal that values such as Wasatiyyah, Maqasid al-Syariah, Tasamuh and Rahmatan lil ‘Alamin serve as the normative foundations for fostering tolerance but remain constrained by gaps between theological ideals and lived realities. Four main thematic dimensions were identified: (1) normative theological principles, (2) institutional policies and frameworks, (3) forms of social practice and (4) implementation challenges. Based on these findings, the study proposes the Ecological Model of Islamic Tolerance in Malaysia (2000–2025) as a conceptual framework that integrates theological foundations, institutional mechanisms and social realities. Practically, it suggests adopting systemic approaches through value-based education, inclusive policymaking and digital media regulation to strengthen Malaysia’s multireligious social ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yang Marya Abd Khahar , Jaffary Awang, Zaizul Ab. Rahman, Ahmad Munawar Ismail, Siti Nadiah Babge , Saidah Haris@ Harith, Rafizah Mohamed Salleh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Keberkesanan Majlis Sulh dan Kaedah yang Digunakan dalam Penyelesaian Kes-Kes di Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Kuala Kangsar (MRSKK)/ The Effectiveness Of The Sulh Council And The Methods Employed In Resolving Cases At The Kuala Kangsar Shariah Lower Court (MRSKK)
The Sulh Council is an alternative mechanism established within the Syariah Court to expedite the resolution of the backlog of registered cases. The sulh process functions as a guided discussion platform between disputing parties to reach a mutual agreement, which is subsequently formalised by the Sulh Officer. Notably, at the Kuala Kangsar Syariah Subordinate Court (MRSKK), approximately 85% of all cases have been successfully resolved through the Sulh Council. This development significantly eases judicial procedures, as settlement agreements signed by the parties are endorsed by the presiding judge as binding court orders, thereby eliminating the need for lengthy trials. Accordingly, this study aims to analyse the types of cases successfully resolved through the Sulh Council and to evaluate the effectiveness of the methods employed in the sulh process at MRSKK. Anchored in an interpretivist research philosophy and employing a case study strategy, this study adopts a qualitative design, incorporating document analysis and semi-structured interviews with the Syariah Judge, Sulh Officer, and Assistant Registrar at MRSKK. Document content analysis was further utilised in analysing the data, with findings categorised thematically. The study reveals that the three most frequently resolved cases through the Sulh Council were ordinary divorce, child maintenance claims, and hadanah (custody), while the two most effective methods employed were mediation and Islamic counselling approaches. Further research is recommended to explore additional methods such as restorative approaches, Maqasid Syariah-based counselling, and the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in the sulh process, particularly within Syariah Courts in Malaysia, with specific reference to MRSKK.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Muhammad Mustaqim Bin Roslan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Resonances of Al-Fārābī: The Evolving Tradition of Gambus in Malaysia
During the Abbasid era, prominent scholars and philosophers such as Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī made transformative contributions across multiple disciplines, including music theory. A foundational figure in Islamic philosophy, al-Fārābī significantly advanced medieval musical thought by developing theoretical models, composing original melodies, and improving the design of the Arabic ʿūd (lute). By the 15th century, the ʿūd had influenced the evolution of the gambus in the Malay Archipelago, where it became an important component of Malaysia’s cultural heritage. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to examine the role of the gambus within al-Fārābī’s philosophical and musical framework. Drawing on both primary sources such as the Kitāb al-Mūsīqā al-Kabīr and a variety of scholarly literature, including books, theses, and journal articles, the research highlights the gambus as a key element in the spiritual and cultural traditions of Malaysia. In line with al-Fārābī’s view of music as essential to human well-being, the gambus is celebrated for its aesthetic and spiritual significance. However, its therapeutic potential remains underexplored. Based on al-Fārābī’s claim about the healing power of music, this paper calls for further interdisciplinary research into the application of gambus music in Malaysian healthcare and therapeutic settings.
Implikasi Gangguan Bunyi Kadazandusun terhadap Sebutan dan Makna Rukun Qawliyy dalam Ibadah Solat/ The Implications of Kadazandusun Sound Interference on Pronunciation and Meaning of Verbal Pillars in Prayer
The Kadazandusun Muslim community, like other adherents of Islam, is obligated to perform prayers (ṣalāh) in a proper manner. However, the differences in the phonetic systems between their mother tongue and the Arabic language pose significant challenges in articulating the recitations performed during prayers. Therefore, this study aims to explore the implications of such language interference by describing the changes in pronunciation and meaning caused by the influence of Kadazandusun phonological features on the recitation of rukun qawliyy (verbal pillars) during prayer. Three key research questions guide this study (1) What are the implications of Kadazandusun phonological interference on the pronunciation of Arabic letters?, (2) How does Kadazandusun phonological interference affect the meaning of the recitation in rukun qawliyy during prayer?, and (3) What are the implications of Kadazandusun phonological interference on the validity of rukun qawliyy in prayer? This qualitative study employs a library research methodology as the primary means of data collection. The findings of the study indicate that native speakers of the Kadazandusun language (BKD) are at risk of committing various pronunciation errors that could lead to changes in sound and meaning, particularly in the recitations required during prayer, specifically the qawliyy components. These errors evidently compromise the perfection of the qawliyy elements. It is hoped that this study will not only contribute to the improvement of Arabic language education but also help ensure the validity of worship practices among the Kadazandusun community in Sabah, particularly through the development of an Arabic learning module tailored for worship purposes within the framework of Fiqh Sabahi.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd. Taqwudin Mohd. Yazid, Mohammad Najib Jaffar , Mohd Nizwan Musling, Norazman Alias, Mohammad Ali Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Fiqh Al-Mizan dan Aplikasinya dalam Fiqh Perubatan Kontemporari: Keseimbangan dalam Isu-Isu Pengurusan Kesihatan Awam/Fiqh Al-Mizan and its Application in Contemporary Medical Jurisprudence: Balanced Approach in Public Health Management Issues
Fiqh al-Mizan is a concept introduced by Ali al-Qarah Daghi to develop a balanced understanding between religious obligations and community life, including matters involving medicine and health. In the context of contemporary medicine, issues related to public health management involving individual rights and community interests, vaccination programs, and pandemic control measures affecting religious activities often become topics of discussion among various parties, those who support and those who oppose. Problems arise when these opposing groups influence others and directly cause negative effects on public health. This article aims to present the concept of Fiqh al-Mizan as a solution to balance these issues and discuss related matters through an equitable scale of judgment. This study employs qualitative methodology by analyzing the concept of Fiqh al-Mizan, contemporary medical fatwas, and case studies involving health issues such as COVID-19. The findings show that Fiqh al-Mizan can provide a balanced and clear understanding guided by Shariah to resolve these conflicts. This study is expected to provide benefits and guidance to the community, religious scholars, and policymakers in dealing with issues related to contemporary medicine. The concept of Fiqh al-Mizan can be expanded its application, and further research should be conducted to reduce conflicts within the community.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muaz Muhammad Arif, Wan Abdul Rahman Wan Ibrisam Fikry, Ahmad Safwan Yunos, Mohammad Naqib Hamdan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Pembelajaran Kendiri (Merdeka Belajar) Dalam Tinjauan Falsafah dan Hadis; Dinamika Pendidikan di Indonesia/ Independent Learning in Philosophy and Hadis Review; Education Dynamics in Indonesia
In recent years, Indonesia has been actively implementing the Merdeka Belajar agenda, a form of independent learning applied comprehensively from lower levels to higher education. This concept, typically associated with modern educational theories rooted in Western philosophical thought, also has roots in the Islamic scientific tradition, particularly through the hadis of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. This article aims to review the concept of independent learning within the framework of philosophy and hadis as a dynamic contribution to the renewal of national education in Indonesia. This study employs a qualitative approach through literature analysis, with the data analyzed thematically. The results of the study show that the principles of independent learning have long existed in the Islamic tradition. The selected hadiss show the five main principles of independent learning: (1) freedom to seek knowledge, (2) freedom to choose the field of knowledge, (3) freedom to choose sources and teachers, (4) the obligation to disseminate knowledge and provide benefits to society, and (5) the principle of lifelong learning. This discovery provides critical epistemological principles to support the foundations of current education and offers an alternative paradigm that emphasizes prophetic values in addressing contemporary educational challenges.
Pengetahuan Dan Kefahaman Masyarakat Islam Terhadap Fatwa Dan Amalan Sertu Di Malaysia / Knowledge and Understanding of the Muslim Community Regarding Fatwas and the Practice of Sertu in Malaysia
The practice of sertu has rapidly developed within the halal industry and is no longer limited to its implementation for religious purposes alone. In fact, the guidelines for sertu issued by JAKIM since 2013 have outlined comprehensive procedures for more complex applications of sertu in the industry. However, the reality shows that the level of knowledge about sertu practices among industry operators and the Muslim community is still less than satisfactory. This article aims to analyze the level of knowledge and understanding of sertu practices among the Muslim community in Malaysia and suggest improvements based on this level of knowledge and understanding. This study uses a quantitative approach through an online survey. The study employs a simple sampling method on students and industry practitioners and uses descriptive analysis to analyze the percentage of each item. The study results are summarized into three subcategories: knowledge of sertu practices, understanding of consumer practices related to sertu, and understanding of the need for improvement in sertu practices. Overall, the knowledge of sertu practices and consumer practices is still at a moderate level and needs to be improved by enhancing sertu practice education within the community, such as offering professional sertu certification and innovation in sertu equipment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Mahyeddin Mohd Salleh , Irwan Mohd Subri, Ahmad Rafiki , Mas Nooraini Haji Mohiddin, Cecep Soleh Kurniawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Maqasid Sharia and Social Development: an Inquiry into Jamaluddin Athiyah’s Renewal Paradigm
This article engages in exploring the intersection of Maqasid Sharia and social development through a depth analysis of Jamaluddin Athiyah's renewal paradigm notion. In terms of contemporary maqasid discourse, Athiyah's conceptual framework stands as a distinguish reevaluation of classical maqasid sharia role pertaining the dynamic context of societal progress. This research in attempt to trace the way that Athiyah employs to reconstruct new paradigm of maqasid sharia by investigating its methodologies, approaches and principles to achieve social development. Accordingly, this study then depict on how his progressive thought extends beyond conventional boundaries, emphasizing particularly on humanity and social problem dimension. Newly paradigm of maqasid sharia proposed by Jamaluddin Athiyah cannot be separated from his contextual consciousness of muslim world drawback reality. Athiyah's paradigm challenges existing construction of paradigm, prompting a reevaluation of the role of Maqasid Sharia in the modern world. This research is based on library research by investigating recent Islamic scholars works and narrative about maqasid sharia especially through a thorough examination of Athiyah's writings and intellectual legacy, this article seeks to unravel the layers of his progressive thought and its implications to establish new perspective in the realm of Sharia.
Interpretasi Reka Corak Geometri Dalam Iluminasi Dalail Al-Khairat Terengganu/ Interpretation Of Geometric Pattern Design In The Illumination Of Dalail Al-Khairat Terengganu
Illumination in Islamic manuscripts is not merely a form of visual decoration, but also serves as an important medium for conveying values and beliefs within Islamic civilization. However, most previous studies have tended to focus on the technical and aesthetic aspects, without deeply exploring the underlying meanings behind the geometric designs used. This gap highlights the need to understand how geometric forms in illumination actually communicate deeper spiritual messages and values. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the variations of geometric patterns found in the illumination of the Dalail Al-Khairat Terengganu manuscript (MSS2586), held in the collection of the National Library of Malaysia (PNM), Kuala Lumpur. This study also discusses the interpretation of the different types of geometric patterns discovered, based on the perspective of Islimi design principles. A qualitative approach was employed, using visual observation and literature review as the main methods. Two illuminated pages with prominent geometric patterns were analysed through a formalistic approach and interpreted using Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic theory. The findings reveal that the geometric patterns in this manuscript carry profound meanings related to religious values such as the oneness of God, the balance of nature, and harmony. This study offers significant contributions to the deeper understanding of Malay-Islamic manuscript illumination and highlights its role as a cultural heritage that unites artistic beauty with spiritual values.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mazni Omar, Marzuki Ibrahim, Razi Yaakub, Hartini Mohd Razali, Siti Fairuz Md Hashima, Noorhafiza Ghazali, Wan Soliana Wan Md Zain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Halal Certification Motivation, Compliance and the Impact on Performance of Food Industry in Malaysia and Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review
This systematic literature review aims to comprehensively analyze the factors influencing motivation, compliance, and the impact on performance in the context of Halal certification. A thorough search of academic databases using Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) published between 2016 and 2023 yielded a comprehensive selection of articles focusing on motivation, compliance, and the impact on performance in Halal certification within Malaysian and Indonesian food enterprises. The selected studies underwent a comprehensive screening process, and relevant data were extracted for synthesis before being validated through field study experts. Based on primary data N equal to 20 articles, the review highlights the intricate interplay of internal and external factors influencing the Malaysian and Indonesian food industry's motivation and compliance and the impact on performance in Halal certification for food industry. This pioneering study provides researchers, food companies, and stakeholders valuable insights into positive factors toward the sustainability of food Halal certification in both countries. It provides a relatively new finding from the Malaysian and Indonesian points of view regarding readiness and sustaining Halal food certification to be the champion of global Halal. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this novel study was the first attempt to integrate drivers and compliance of halal certification and the impact on performance in the specific context of food manufacturing in Malaysia and Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Asiah Alkharib Shah, Elistina Abu Bakar, Deviana Yuanitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Reaksi Kerajaan Malaysia dan Badan Bukan Kerajaan (NGO) dalam Konflik Palestin-Israel Pasca Operasi Ṭūfān al-Aqsā/ The Reaction of the Malaysian Government and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to the Palestine-Israel Conflict Post-Ṭūfān al-Aqsā Operation
The military operation launched by the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) on October 7, 2023, was a response to the provocations and injustices committed by Zionist Israel against the Palestinian population for over 75 years since 1948. Hamas named this operation as "Ṭūfān al- Operation" to signify their struggle to the occupied Al-Aqsa Mosque. The operation has elicited varied responses, both positive and negative. Some d that the ongoing conflict stems from Hamas initiating the attack, while others d this claim, stating that the crisis did not emerge on October 7, 2023. Malaysia, through its government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), has also expressed its on the issue. Using case study and thematic analysis, this study examines the official government responses, including diplomatic statements and political actions. It also the reaction from civil society, non-governmental organizations, and individuals regarding Ṭūfān al- Operation. Thus, this research provides a holistic overview on Malaysia's stance on the Palestine-Israel issue. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of Malaysia's stance and role in addressing regional s especially those related to Palestine-Israel.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamad Fikri Mohd Bakri, Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Needs for Human Life Circle: The Perspectives of Abraham Maslow and Imam Ghazali
The study aims to explore analytical view on both the Maslow’s and Maqsid al-Shariah perspectives. It observes the suitability of Maslow’s theory and the Islamic guidelines which are to be followed by the people in which they are in needs. This study has been designed as library research with inductive reasoning and qualitative approach. Data have been collected from primary sources (Al-Quran and Sunnah) and secondary sources (logs, books, articles, journals, magazines). Based on content and descriptive approach, this article employed analytical, and critical explanations methods with a literary perspective. The study reveals that Abraham Maslow’s needs theory introduced in 1943 is a significance one among other theories introduced regarding needs and wants. the Maslow’s needs theory prefixes five needs namely physical needs, security needs, love needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs. However, he tried to include into his needs theory further 3 needs namely aesthetics needs, information needs, and infinity needs due to not completed all human needs. In Islamic perspective, needs are mentioned as Dharuri’at (necessary needs), Hajiy’at (ordinary needs) and Tahseeni’at (additional needs). In terms of implication, this study clealy provides the Islamic perspective that the whole community should follow the Islamic guidelines to reach the God’s love. Further, it discusses both perspective of needs, Muslims can easily move their lives according to the guidelies of Quran and Hadeeth, and it will useful to plan the lives that for which doing priority among the needs, and it contributes to the wider level of literature in the field of needs and wants.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abi Huraira Rifas, Asanar Aliyar, Mohamed Ansar Fathima Rikasa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Technological Pedagogical Islamic Content: A Systematic Literature Study
The integration of technology in Islamic education is crucial, as are educational methods. Islamic academic institutions need to incorporate digital tools without losing the core values of Islamic teachings. This study reviews literature from 2022 to 2024, using databases such as Scopus and Eric—the study flow of study based on the PRISMA framework. Following specific inclusion criteria, 22 relevant studies were selected and analyzed through qualitative content analysis and quantitative meta-analysis to identify trends, challenges, and results in the use of Technological Pedagogical Islamic Content (TPIC). The primary problem addressed is the need for an updated and structured overview of how technology is being used to enhance the educational learning process. To obtain this, we conducted an advanced search of scholarly articles. The findings were divided into three themes: (1) technology integration in Islamic education, (2) pedagogical skills and teacher competence, and (3) sociocultural implications and policy perspectives. The analysis reveals that key factors for the successful integration of technology in the learning process include effective teacher training, culturally appropriate content development, and strong technological infrastructure. Challenges include resistance to change, limited digital skills among educators, and the need for continuous policy support.
Copyright (c) 2025 Norliza Ab Halim, Wan Omar Ali Saifuddin Wan Ismail, Bazuri Ab Ghani, Wan Farah Wani Wan Fakhruddin, Sharizal Ahmad Sobri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Toleransi Menurut Jalaluddin al-Rumi dan Pengaruhnya dalam Tamadun Turki Uthmaniyah/ Tolerance According to Jalaluddin al-Rumi and His Influence in Ottoman Turkish Civilization
Jalaluddin al-Rumi was a Sufi scholar who was born in 1207 AD when the Seljuk Sultanate was ruling Anatolia. This kingdom then developed into the Ottoman Turkish Caliphate in 1299 AD in the hands of Osman I, the son of Ertugrul Ghazi who married Halime Hatun, the daughter of the Seljuk king. This study wants to relate the influence of Jalaluddin al-Rumi who taught in Anatolia all his life to shape the culture of Turkish society. This writing uses a qualitative research methodology through the method of content analysis. The results of the study show that the culture of tolerance applied by Jalaluddin al-Rumi has played a role in preparing the Ottoman Turkish Caliphate to be tolerant with the diversity of civilizations while building a glorious Islamic civilization. The Ottomans had used the Millet system which gave a voice to the Greek Orthodox, Armenian, Bulgarian and Jewish communities sheltered under the umbrella of the Caliphate. The Ottomans also became protectors and defenders of Islam because they controlled the three holy cities of Muslims, namely Makkah, Medina and Jerusalem (Palestine), and even provided fair treatment to all Muslims who visited for the Hajj and Umrah. This study explains what was taught by Jalaluddin al-Rumi regarding tolerance that contributed to the Ottoman Islamic civilization.
Copyright (c) 2024 Manar Muhammad, Indriaty Ismail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Assessing the Perceptions of Halal Certification among Small and Medium Enterprises in the Food and Beverage Industry in Johor, Malaysia
Despite the significant expansion of the Halal food and beverage sector in Malaysia, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face challenges in acquiring Halal certification. This study investigates SME entrepreneurs' perceptions of acquiring Halal certification in the food and beverage industry of northern Johor, Malaysia. A structured survey was conducted with 26 SME entrepreneurs in Muar, Johor, to assess their awareness level regarding their perceptions on Halal certification for their products. The findings reveal a high awareness and inclination toward obtaining Halal certification, with a mean score of 4.81 (standard deviation = 0.694), indicating the importance SME entrepreneurs place on this certification. However, the study also highlights significant challenges faced by these businesses, including documentation management and the associated costs of certification. Participants expressed the need for systematic document management to save costs and time, as well as a requirement for guidance throughout the application process. This study provides insights into the perceptions and challenges SME entrepreneurs face in the Halal certification process and establishes a foundation for future research into the broader business significance of Halal certification. The findings underscore the necessity for policymakers and industry stakeholders to develop targeted support mechanisms to address these challenges, thereby enhancing SME competitiveness and consumer confidence in Halal-certified products. By understanding these perceptions and barriers, the study aims to contribute to more effective strategies for promoting Halal certification among SMEs, ultimately supporting the growth and sustainability of the Halal food and beverage sector in Malaysia.
Copyright (c) 2025 A Rafidah A Mohd Yunos, Zulaikha Sarobo, Nur Amalina Mohd Ropi, Mohamad Azzuan Rosli, Siti Nor Azlina Abd Rashid, Nor Zalina Othman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0